User manual SPSS BASE 12.0

[. . . ] SPSS Base 12. 0 User's Guide ® For more information about SPSS® software products, please visit our Web site at http://www. spss. com or contact SPSS Inc. 233 South Wacker Drive, 11th Floor Chicago, IL 60606-6412 Tel: (312) 651-3000 Fax: (312) 651-3668 SPSS is a registered trademark and the other product names are the trademarks of SPSS Inc. No material describing such software may be produced or distributed without the written permission of the owners of the trademark and license rights in the software and the copyrights in the published materials. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision (c) (1) (ii) of The Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at 52. 227-7013. [. . . ] the grouped median is the median calculated from the coded data. Harmonic Mean. Used to estimate an average group size when the sample sizes in the groups are not equal. The harmonic mean is the total number of samples divided by the sum of the reciprocals of the sample sizes. Kurtosis. A measure of the extent to which observations cluster around a central point. For a normal distribution, the value of the kurtosis statistic is 0. Positive kurtosis indicates that the observations cluster more and have longer tails than those in the normal distribution and negative kurtosis indicates the observations cluster less and have shorter tails. Last. The value above and below which half the cases fall, the 50th percentile. If there is an even number of cases, the median is the average of the two middle cases when they are sorted in ascending or descending order. The median is a measure of central tendency not sensitive to outlying values -- unlike the mean, which can be affected by a few extremely high or low values. Percent of the number of cases for the specified grouping variable within categories of other grouping variables. If you only have one grouping variable, this value is identical to percent of total number of cases. Percent of the sum for the specified grouping variable within categories of other grouping variables. If you only have one grouping variable, this value is identical to percent of total sum. Percent of the total sum in each category. 334 Chapter 19 Range. The difference between the largest and smallest values of a numeric variable; the maximum minus the minimum. The normal distribution is symmetric, and has a skewness value of zero. A distribution with a significant positive skewness has a long right tail. A distribution with a significant negative skewness has a long left tail. As a rough guide, a skewness value more than twice it's standard error is taken to indicate a departure from symmetry. The ratio of kurtosis to its standard error can be used as a test of normality (that is, you can reject normality if the ratio is less than -2 or greater than +2). A large positive value for kurtosis indicates that the tails of the distribution are longer than those of a normal distribution; a negative value for kurtosis indicates shorter tails (becoming like those of a box-shaped uniform distribution). Standard Error of Skewness. The ratio of skewness to its standard error can be used as a test of normality (that is, you can reject normality if the ratio is less than -2 or greater than +2). A large positive value for skewness indicates a long right tail; an extreme negative value, a long left tail. Sum. [. . . ] Labels that include information about variables or values are affected by the settings for display of variable names/labels and values/value labels in the outline pane (Edit menu, Options, Output Labels tab). Labels are affected by the current output language setting (Edit menu, Options, General tab). To copy OMS labels: E Right-click the outline entry for the item in the outline pane. E From the pop-up context menu, select Copy OMS Label. 647 Output Management System As with command and subtype identifiers, the labels must be in quotes and the entire list enclosed in square brackets, as in: /IF LABELS=['Employment Category' 'Education Level'] Appendix Database Access Administrator A The Database Access Administrator is a utility designed to simplify large or confusing data sources for use with the Database Wizard. It allows users and administrators to customize their data source in the following ways: Create aliases for database tables and fields. [. . . ]